The World Health Organization (WHO) distinguishes two types of alcohol consumption: the moderate use and harmful use. It defines the harmful use of alcohol as' excessive consumption to the point that it causes damage to health and often also undesirable social consequences ".
The Health Authority includes binge drinking (more than three glasses of wine per day for men and more than two glasses of wine per day for women), the risk factors for type 2 diabetes. In addition, lifestyle advice recommended in the treatment of disease recommend a reduction in alcohol consumption.
The effects of alcohol on the body are many and some of them will disrupt blood sugar regulation, and, particularly in diabetic patients. Alcohol disrupts the synthesis of glucose in the liver. The amount of glucose available will be limited. Then there is a significant risk of hypoglycemia. This risk will persist for several hours after consumption of alcoholic beverages. If this consumption is fasting, the risk of hypoglycemia increases.
Alcohol alters sensory perception. The signs of hypoglycemia may go undetected and thus constitute a significant risk to the patient.
In addition, a higher alcohol consumption to three glasses a day increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Diabetes is also a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Alcohol is not recommended in patients with diabetes.
Finally, it is also necessary to take into account the sugar in drinks such as cocktails or non-alcoholic beer, which has a larger amount than in a classic beer for example.
RECOMMENDATIONS ON CONSUMPTION OF ALCOHOL IN THE DIABETIC
The National Institute for Prevention and Health Education (INPES) and the Health Authority recommends moderate alcohol consumption, namely:
- In cases of regular consumption, no more than two standard drinks (or units of alcohol) per day on average for women and no more than three standard drinks a day on average for men.
- In the case of occasional consumption, no more than four standard drinks on a single occasion.
Finally, it is recommended to avoid alcohol at least one day a week.
These recommendations are intended for the general population but also apply to the diabetic patient. However, for the diabetic certain additional measures must be applied. Alcohol consumption should always be accompanied by a meal to reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. It is also necessary to adjust blood sugar based on their alcohol intake and monitor more frequently than usual.
Finally, all alcohols do not provide the same amount of sugar. Thus, we must focus on the so-called alcohol "dry" such as red or white wines, spirits or those containing a larger amount of carbohydrates, such as beer or sweet wines. Alcohol should not be consumed in excess in order to always be able to control his blood sugar.
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